RETREE -- Interactive Tree Rearrangement

CONTENTS:

• DESCRIPTION
• ADAPTING THE PROGRAM TO YOUR COMPUTER AND TO YOUR TERMINAL

A major use for this program will be to change rootedness of trees so that a rooted tree derived from one program can be fed in as an unrooted tree to another (you are asked about this when you give the command to write out the tree onto the tree output file). It will also be useful for specifying the length of a branch in a tree where you want a program like DNAML, DNAMLK, FITCH, or CONTML to hold that branch length constant (see the L suboption of the User Tree option in those programs. It will also be useful for changing the order of species for purely cosmetic reasons for DRAWGRAM and DRAWTREE, including using the Midpoint method of rooting the tree. It can be used to write out a tree file in the Nexus format used by Paup and MacClade.

This program is compatible with fewer computer systems than the other programs in PHYLIP. It can be adapted to PCDOS systems or to any system whose screen or terminals emulate DEC VT52 or VT100 terminals (such as, for example, Zenith Z19, Z29, and Z49 terminals, Telnet programs for logging in to remote computers over a TCP/IP network, VT100-compatible windows in the X windowing system, and any terminal compatible with ANSI standard terminals). For any other screen types, there is a generic option which does not make use of screen graphics characters to display the nucleotide states. This will be less effective, as the nucleotide states will be less easy to see when displayed. file.

The user interaction starts with the program presenting a menu. The menu looks like this:

Tree Rearrangement, version 3.5c

Settings for this run:
  U      Initial tree (arbitrary, user, specify)?  User tree from tree file
  N      Use the Nexus format to write out trees?  No
  0           Graphics type (IBM PC, VT52, ANSI)?  ANSI
  W   Width of terminal screen, of plotting area?  80, 80
  L                    Number of lines on screen?  24

Are these settings correct? (type Y or the letter for one to change)

The L (screen Lines) option allows the user to change the height of the screen (in lines of characters) that is assumed to be available on the display. This may be particularly helpful when displaying large trees on terminals that have more than 24 lines per screen, or on workstation or X-terminal screens that can emulate the ANSI terminals with more than 24 lines.

The N (Nexus) option allows the user to specify that the tree files that are written by the program will be in the Nexus format defined by David Swofford and Wayne and David Maddison for their programs PAUP and MacClade. A tree file written in Nexus format should be directly readable by those programs. (They also have options to read a regular PHYLIP tree file as well). This option is off by default.

The W (screen and window Width) option specifies the width in characters of the area which the trees will be plotted to fit into. This is by default 80 characters so that they will fit on a normal width terminal. The actual width of the display on the terminal (normally 80 characters) will be regarded as a window displaying part of the tree. Thus you could set the "plotting area" to 132 characters, and inform the program that the screen width is 80 characters. Then the program will display only part of the tree at any one time. Below we will show how to move the "window" and see other parts of the tree.

After the initial menu is displayed and the choices are made, the program then sets up an initial tree and displays it. Below it will be a one-line menu of possible commands, which looks like this:

NEXT? (Options: R . = U W O M T F B N H J K L C + ? X Q) (? for Help)

R

("Rearrange"). This command asks for the number of a node which is to be removed from the tree. It and everything to the right of it on the tree is to be removed (by breaking the branch immediately below it). The command also asks for the number of a node below which that group is to be inserted. If an impossible number is given, the program refuses to carry out the rearrangement and asks for a new command. The rearranged tree is displayed: it will often have a different number of steps than the original. If you wish to undo a rearrangement, use the Undo command, for which see below.

.

This command simply causes the current tree to be redisplayed. It is of use when the tree has partly disappeared off of the top of the screen owing to too many responses to commands being printed out at the bottom of the screen.

=

(toggle display of branch lengths). This option is available whenever the tree has a full set of branch lengths. It toggles on and off whether the tree displayed on the screen is shown with the relative branch lengths roughly correct. (It cannot be better than roughly correct because the display is in units of length of whole character widths on the screen). It does not actually remove any branch lengths from the tree: if the tree showing on the screen seems to have no branch lengths after use of the "=" option, if it were written out at that point, it would still have a full] set of branch lengths.

U

("Undo"). This command reverses the effect of the most recent rearrangement, outgroup re-rooting, or flipping of branches. It returns to the previous tree topology. It will be of great use when rearranging the tree and when a rearrangement proves worse than the preceding one -- it permits you to abandon the new one and return to the previous one without remembering its topology in detail. Some operations, such as the simultaneous removal of lengths from all branches, cannot be reversed.

W

("Write"). This command writes out the current tree onto a tree output file. If the file already has been written to by this run of RETREE, it will ask you whether you want to replace the contents of the file, add the tree to the end of the file, or not write out the tree to the file. It will also ask you whether you want the tree to written out as Rooted or Unrooted. If you choose Unrooted, it will write the outermost split of the tree as a three-way split with the three branches being those that issue from one of the nodes. This node will be the left (upper) interior node which is next to the root, or the other one if there is no interior node to the left (above) the root. The tree is written in the standard format used by PHYLIP (a subset of the New Hampshire standard) or in the Nexus format. A normal PHYLIP tree is in the proper format to serve as the User-Defined Tree for setting up the initial tree in a subsequent run of the program.

O

("Outgroup"). This asks for the number of a node which is to be the outgroup. The tree will be redisplayed with that node as the left descendant of the bottom fork. Note that it is possible to use this to make a multi-species group the outgroup (i.e., you can give the number of an interior node of the tree as the outgroup, and the program will re-root the tree properly with that on the left of the bottom fork.

M

("Midpoint root"). This reroots a tree that has a complete set of branches using the Midpoint rooting method. That rooting method finds the centroid of the tree -- the point that is equidistant from the two farthest points of the tree, and roots the tree there. This has the effect of making the two farthest tips stick out an equal distance to the right. Note that as the tree is rerooted, the scale may change on the screen so that it looks like it ahas suddenly gotted a bit longer. It will not have actually changed in total length. This option is not in the menu if the tree does not have a full set of branch lengths.

T

("Transpose"). This asks for a node number and then flips the two branches at that node, so that the left-right order of branches at that node is changed. This also does not actually change the tree topology but it does change the appearance of the tree. However, unlike the F option below the individual subtrees defined by those branches do not have any further branches reversed in them.

F

("Flip"). This asks for a node number and then flips the entire subtree at that node, so that the left-right order of branches in the whole subtree is changed. This does not actually change the tree topology but it does change the appearance of the tree. Note that it works differently than the F option in the programs MOVE, DNAMOVE, and DOLMOVE, which is actually like the T option mentioned below.

B

("Branch length"). This asks you for the number of a node which is at the end of a branch length, then asks you whether you want to enter a branch length for that branch, change the branch length for that branch (if there is one already) or remove the branch length from the branch.

N

("Name"). This asks you which species you want to change the name for (referring to it by the number for that branch), then gives you the option of either removing the name, typing a new name, or leaving the name as is. Be sure not to try to enter a parentheses ("(" or ")"), a colon (":"), a comma (",") or a semicolon (";") in a name, as those may be mistaken for structural information about the tree.

H, J, K, or L.

These are the movement commands for scrolling the "window" across a tree. H moves the "window" leftwards (though not beyond column 1, J moves it down, K up, and L right. The "window" will move 20 columns or rows at a time, and the tree will be redrawn in the new "window".

C

("Clade"). The C command instructs the program to print out only that part of the tree (the "clade") from a certain node on up. The program will prompt you for the number of this node. Remember that thereafter you are not looking at the whole tree. To go back to looking at the whole tree give the C command again and enter "0" for the node number when asked. Most users will not want to use this option unless forced to, as much can be accomplished with the window movement commands H, J, K, and L.

+

("next tree"). This causes the program to read in the next tree in the input file, if there is one.

?

("Help"). Prints a one-screen summary of what the commands do, a few words for each command.

X

("Exit"). Exit from program. If the current tree has not yet been saved into a file, the program will first ask you whether it should be saved.

Q

("Quit"). A synonym for X. Same as the eXit command.

#define ibmpc0          false
#define ansi0           true
#define vt520           false

The program was written for me by Andrew Keeffe, using some code from DNAMOVE.

Below is a test tree file, but we cannot show the output it generates because of the interactive nature of the program.

TEST INPUT TREE FILE

((((((((Human,Chimp),Gorilla),Orang),Gibbon),(Barbary_Ma,(Crab-e._Ma,
(Rhesus_Mac,Jpn_Macaq)))),Squir._Mon),((Tarsier,Lemur),Bovine)),Mouse);